granite with its abrasion resistance, the characteristics of oil is more and more families are alike. Kitchen granite countertops have become the first choice of natural granite countertops. However, expensive granite kitchen countertops, maintenance, replacement costs are also Slate. Installing granite countertops is not suitable for DIY, it needs the expertise of professional installers.
Before installing granite countertops in the first clear the old countertops, sink and stove. This can be done by the owner yourself. Then, from the granite countertops will be ordered manufacturers of granite countertops. Manufacturing company will send someone to measure the size of the kitchen floor and cabinets. Installer will note the location of electrical outlets. If the table during the installation need to install some special equipment, installation division will tell you about the number of sutures.
Granite countertops in order to prevent damage, during the installation process need to add wood and metal rods to ensure that the level of the table and play a supporting role in the table. On this point, the installation of granite countertops teachers need to know how thick the support plate. After the countertop after cutting can begin the installation. Sealed at the seams to further protect the granite countertops.
Installing granite countertops in the error often
Installation of installing concrete countertops like granite countertops. The only difference is that granite is more expensive than Mosaic, so the installation process does not allow wrong. Measuring the smallest mistake can lead to granite countertops installation to fail.
Installation of granite countertops in the most common error is a measure of lapses. Installers and owners of measurement data may be mistaken, or wrong data on the measurement device. These errors will lead Taiwan to buy too big or too small panel size, and even Taiwan to buy more or less than the number of panels required quantity.
Installing granite countertops should be how to prevent mistakes
Accurate measurements. As the installation of the first step is measurement, measurement is vital. Therefore, to be precise measuring device. Do not use those old or have errors in measuring devices. If you are unsure of measurements, it is best to measure your professional home, after all, granite countertop installers in this area have more experience than you.
Conceived and designed granite countertops installed renderings. And effect diagram to your installation division. This helps teachers decide to install the table shape, size, thickness. In this way, no need to install the division you want to guess what kind of shape and size.
I'm sure that the granite installers. Please note, the installation division in this particular area has more experience than you. You can make a preliminary consultation with him to determine what you want and what is feasible. Teachers must communicate with the installation as soon as possible. He can be installed according to your idea and make some granite countertops can not only enhance the appearance, but also improve the function of the overall feasibility of recommendations.
2011年4月28日星期四
2011年4月26日星期二
marble carving techniques
marble carvings, with all kinds of marble material is made of folk crafts. China marble carving art has a long history, still retain the 7,000 years ago marble carving works. China marble is rich in resources, marble varities, colour and lustre is texture bright and colorful. Small marble shoushan marble QingTianShi, more than the color such as selection of rich marble. marble DiaoDao, chisel, with artists, barbed bar car drilling tools such as, through the design, dozen billet, sculpture, mix the pad, working procedure such as put pieces on wax marble into elegant handicraft.
General need a big marble model or granite model to forming. Now commonly used copy or amplification technology has two kinds, one kind is point line meter amplification method, another kind is the center of proportion amplification method. These two kinds of method can solve the basic figurative modelling duplication and amplification problem, but too mechanical, marble carvings of prototype shape and work without fully understanding, marble carving works are often similar and large scale prototypes verve nothing all day.
In marble carving practice using a can choose freedom coordinates line method, very convenient, can be Slate the marble, which can solve the problem, the verve by this method of marble reliefs generally reflected well. Workers
Specific steps:
One, in the prototype bottom find out and placed in horizontal stroke of a flat plate, coordinate grid along the prototype hemline draw flat at the intersection of line so that can put the prototype repeatedly, and put it back in the prototype hemline coordinate lines out cross. The space coordinate lines through prototype high vertical best.
Second, with two steel square rule ChangFang parallel placed a standard blocks both have 3 centimeters spacing. Vertical on a flat plate, two ruler in the same thread.7 coordinates orthogonal point, let pencil rely on online in two ruler, fluctuation, left and right sides, can slide in the prototype airstrip very accurate space in the same way, vertical in the front and back, left, four vertical find four last line will be given in a bit. Such basic plane coordinate and spatial coordinates is built into. And no matter what kind of turning can draw a vertical.
Third, in prototype free choice space coordinate lines and coordinates, the principle is positive wider place standard positive and grid lines point; Lateral wider place standard profile coordinates lines and dots. Coordinate lines and point search mode and the second step is same. Note positive side and grid lines coordinate lines must stagger. For points do scale from marking project center coordinate vertical line to both sides, such as: left marking 1, 2, 3 right 1, 2, 3... . Sunken place also will mark clearly.
Four, the selected pinpoint underside coordinates, marble and timely cut out plane. Using the plane for the standard, in marble locate the space coordinates line. Enlarge find positive, with the form the main grid line profile, and thought foundation and dot, resection big drought. Then put disconnect coordinates to label is clear, continue to find other coordinate lines and point, and constantly excision superfluous parts. Looking for the more points and grid lines, the more accurate fractal approximates to prototype, verve also.
Five, in order to energy, can will generally work lay on the ground processing, as long as marked accurate coordinates, is not a tangible error problem.
Six, finally is trim details. The twist and turn line more smoothly. Wrought Then complete the small parts processing.
For marble processing amplification, copy, narrow, this method is practical, after a practice, can master the technology. The technique also applies to the copy, enlarge the clay with narrow work.
General need a big marble model or granite model to forming. Now commonly used copy or amplification technology has two kinds, one kind is point line meter amplification method, another kind is the center of proportion amplification method. These two kinds of method can solve the basic figurative modelling duplication and amplification problem, but too mechanical, marble carvings of prototype shape and work without fully understanding, marble carving works are often similar and large scale prototypes verve nothing all day.
In marble carving practice using a can choose freedom coordinates line method, very convenient, can be Slate the marble, which can solve the problem, the verve by this method of marble reliefs generally reflected well. Workers
Specific steps:
One, in the prototype bottom find out and placed in horizontal stroke of a flat plate, coordinate grid along the prototype hemline draw flat at the intersection of line so that can put the prototype repeatedly, and put it back in the prototype hemline coordinate lines out cross. The space coordinate lines through prototype high vertical best.
Second, with two steel square rule ChangFang parallel placed a standard blocks both have 3 centimeters spacing. Vertical on a flat plate, two ruler in the same thread.7 coordinates orthogonal point, let pencil rely on online in two ruler, fluctuation, left and right sides, can slide in the prototype airstrip very accurate space in the same way, vertical in the front and back, left, four vertical find four last line will be given in a bit. Such basic plane coordinate and spatial coordinates is built into. And no matter what kind of turning can draw a vertical.
Third, in prototype free choice space coordinate lines and coordinates, the principle is positive wider place standard positive and grid lines point; Lateral wider place standard profile coordinates lines and dots. Coordinate lines and point search mode and the second step is same. Note positive side and grid lines coordinate lines must stagger. For points do scale from marking project center coordinate vertical line to both sides, such as: left marking 1, 2, 3 right 1, 2, 3... . Sunken place also will mark clearly.
Four, the selected pinpoint underside coordinates, marble and timely cut out plane. Using the plane for the standard, in marble locate the space coordinates line. Enlarge find positive, with the form the main grid line profile, and thought foundation and dot, resection big drought. Then put disconnect coordinates to label is clear, continue to find other coordinate lines and point, and constantly excision superfluous parts. Looking for the more points and grid lines, the more accurate fractal approximates to prototype, verve also.
Five, in order to energy, can will generally work lay on the ground processing, as long as marked accurate coordinates, is not a tangible error problem.
Six, finally is trim details. The twist and turn line more smoothly. Wrought Then complete the small parts processing.
For marble processing amplification, copy, narrow, this method is practical, after a practice, can master the technology. The technique also applies to the copy, enlarge the clay with narrow work.
Safety on the small quarry
Abstract: summarizes the characteristics of the quarry and the existing problems. By improving the response of small and Slate mining and quarry safety significance. About the safety of quarry mining on the importance of further development of the building materials industry.
1 Introduction
With the accelerated construction of urban infrastructure, many continue to start the construction of key projects, to the building materials industry, especially the development of marble quarry opportunities. Meanwhile, the safety production work also appeared in many new situations and new problems, risks appear prominent, production safety situation is grim.
The characteristics of small quarry: small quarry widely distributed, almost all towns in the country has; site workers mostly from rural areas, the relative lack of safety knowledge and ability; operating equipment mostly discarded from mining , the air compressor had never testing and inspection; no corresponding data mining technology; accidents frequently occur; dry cutting eye operations; there are different degrees of dig mining operations; chisel eyes, blasting, dangerous rock processing operations are all high-risk operations; management of blasting equipment rather not standardized; poor safety awareness of employees of luck; site properly, State Road, power lines, houses, etc. in the vicinity of blasting operations; stripping of topsoil piled at random, can easily cause mudslides.
The main risk of small quarries and harmful factors: the collapse, landslide, against objects, falls, blasting, transportation accidents, electrical and mechanical equipment accidents, dust and debris granite.
2, the main small quarry to the question
2.1 quarry sites, the lack of scientific proof and planning deposit
Urban construction projects, requires a lot of gravel material, some building materials resources with the village committee or village group will create a large number of quarries, awarded to the individual business. However, in the process of establishing a quarry, considerable part of the village and villagers groups, do not follow the scientific work on the quarry site and the structure has never been organized ore deposit exploration, reserve its resources, geological safety, mining life to conduct feasibility studies and planning has never been so, hastily, blind exploitation. Some quarry opened in the 70} 80m high Yamane, no exploitation of the standard phases, thus forming the rock mining Longitudinal and dig some of the same drain side of the quarry to allow a number of mining exploration, at the same time, unauthorized transfer of a quarry in private transactions, to the serious safety risks.
2.2 The quality of the operator is not high, the lack of professional and technical personnel
Small quarry in the existing, both private and individual businesses, large differences in the size of these quarries, Nissan, ranging from tens to hundreds of m3 sand and gravel, mining both the manual extraction method, there are semi-mechanized mining. As a considerable part of the operator is not high quality, employees employed in the largely engineering and technical personnel or specially trained professionals, the vast majority of workers should not have the basic knowledge and skills should be the farmers, these farmers workers with low educational level, and mobility, their owners unable to carry out training. In mining, the owners specifications but not by virtue of the so-called experience in command of operations, illegal business and production, safety and labor protection measures is poor, as a trifling matter as the lives of workers, for money to life.
2.3 The serious shortage of inputs, illegal operations
Quarry owners in order to reduce production cost, without the necessary inputs, the extensive use of artificial in the more primitive mining, technology and poorly equipped. Quarries were not in accordance with the safety of all the "three simultaneous" requirement construction, mining is not carried out in phases from top to bottom, in violation of operating rules with the desktop rigs drilling horizontal or from the bottom up; Blasters illegal explosive facilities, dig holes explosion or blow out "the umbrella canopy." Longitudinal individual owners in the bottom of the dig rock mining, large umbrella canopies and rock panels hanging in the air, hundreds of cubic meters of large, on the following operating workers could well be "relentless" trend, rain and more sunny weather is very likely to collapse and fall, similar incidents occurred in succession.
2.4 The quarry is not to limit the scale of investment
More than one certificate or a mining exploration permit exploitation of the many aspects of small quarries abound. Small quarry owners are often more than ten million investment, employment, two dozen people mill around the mining and processing, simply can not achieve the scale and regulate exploitation of the quarry boundaries. Because it is dynamic and can not control, interference, resulting in difficult to resolve disputes, mining neighbors are not synchronized, the formation of security risks.
Lack of effective supervision and management 2.5
According to the current safety laws, regulations and departmental rules, safety enforcement body for the Government and relevant departments above the county level, the township government can only engage in the general inspection, not on the quarry and other rural enterprises to carry out safety production law enforcement investigation .
The quarry over a broad area, county (district) level departments are personnel, equipment, and institutional constraints, difficult to implement regular, effective supervision and management, the township government can not be investigated, resulting in a quarry safety regulatory loopholes .
1 Introduction
With the accelerated construction of urban infrastructure, many continue to start the construction of key projects, to the building materials industry, especially the development of marble quarry opportunities. Meanwhile, the safety production work also appeared in many new situations and new problems, risks appear prominent, production safety situation is grim.
The characteristics of small quarry: small quarry widely distributed, almost all towns in the country has; site workers mostly from rural areas, the relative lack of safety knowledge and ability; operating equipment mostly discarded from mining , the air compressor had never testing and inspection; no corresponding data mining technology; accidents frequently occur; dry cutting eye operations; there are different degrees of dig mining operations; chisel eyes, blasting, dangerous rock processing operations are all high-risk operations; management of blasting equipment rather not standardized; poor safety awareness of employees of luck; site properly, State Road, power lines, houses, etc. in the vicinity of blasting operations; stripping of topsoil piled at random, can easily cause mudslides.
The main risk of small quarries and harmful factors: the collapse, landslide, against objects, falls, blasting, transportation accidents, electrical and mechanical equipment accidents, dust and debris granite.
2, the main small quarry to the question
2.1 quarry sites, the lack of scientific proof and planning deposit
Urban construction projects, requires a lot of gravel material, some building materials resources with the village committee or village group will create a large number of quarries, awarded to the individual business. However, in the process of establishing a quarry, considerable part of the village and villagers groups, do not follow the scientific work on the quarry site and the structure has never been organized ore deposit exploration, reserve its resources, geological safety, mining life to conduct feasibility studies and planning has never been so, hastily, blind exploitation. Some quarry opened in the 70} 80m high Yamane, no exploitation of the standard phases, thus forming the rock mining Longitudinal and dig some of the same drain side of the quarry to allow a number of mining exploration, at the same time, unauthorized transfer of a quarry in private transactions, to the serious safety risks.
2.2 The quality of the operator is not high, the lack of professional and technical personnel
Small quarry in the existing, both private and individual businesses, large differences in the size of these quarries, Nissan, ranging from tens to hundreds of m3 sand and gravel, mining both the manual extraction method, there are semi-mechanized mining. As a considerable part of the operator is not high quality, employees employed in the largely engineering and technical personnel or specially trained professionals, the vast majority of workers should not have the basic knowledge and skills should be the farmers, these farmers workers with low educational level, and mobility, their owners unable to carry out training. In mining, the owners specifications but not by virtue of the so-called experience in command of operations, illegal business and production, safety and labor protection measures is poor, as a trifling matter as the lives of workers, for money to life.
2.3 The serious shortage of inputs, illegal operations
Quarry owners in order to reduce production cost, without the necessary inputs, the extensive use of artificial in the more primitive mining, technology and poorly equipped. Quarries were not in accordance with the safety of all the "three simultaneous" requirement construction, mining is not carried out in phases from top to bottom, in violation of operating rules with the desktop rigs drilling horizontal or from the bottom up; Blasters illegal explosive facilities, dig holes explosion or blow out "the umbrella canopy." Longitudinal individual owners in the bottom of the dig rock mining, large umbrella canopies and rock panels hanging in the air, hundreds of cubic meters of large, on the following operating workers could well be "relentless" trend, rain and more sunny weather is very likely to collapse and fall, similar incidents occurred in succession.
2.4 The quarry is not to limit the scale of investment
More than one certificate or a mining exploration permit exploitation of the many aspects of small quarries abound. Small quarry owners are often more than ten million investment, employment, two dozen people mill around the mining and processing, simply can not achieve the scale and regulate exploitation of the quarry boundaries. Because it is dynamic and can not control, interference, resulting in difficult to resolve disputes, mining neighbors are not synchronized, the formation of security risks.
Lack of effective supervision and management 2.5
According to the current safety laws, regulations and departmental rules, safety enforcement body for the Government and relevant departments above the county level, the township government can only engage in the general inspection, not on the quarry and other rural enterprises to carry out safety production law enforcement investigation .
The quarry over a broad area, county (district) level departments are personnel, equipment, and institutional constraints, difficult to implement regular, effective supervision and management, the township government can not be investigated, resulting in a quarry safety regulatory loopholes .
2011年4月25日星期一
Analytical quality indicators stone protection
"Natural stone for building decoration Protectant" (JC/T973-2005) defined protectants, the main ingredients can combine with natural stone, the stone's appearance did not change significantly, effectively reducing the water absorption of the stone, markedly improved resistance to stone pollution performance, the effect is relatively stable in the pH conditions of the solution. Except as otherwise agreed. "Can be seen from the above definition, the role of stone is the protective agent can effectively reduce the stone water absorption, and markedly increase the contamination resistance of stone. To prevent the disease and weathering, reducing the workload of the complex has an important routine maintenance marble. The quality index is also fully reflected in the definition: the main ingredient and combination of stone; effect is relatively stable in the pH conditions. This is to emphasize the meaning of several provisions of the stone protector to have long-term and stable use of effects.
First, the quality indicators
1. Stone and the main active ingredient protectants
Stone protection and protective agent as a mature technology and products used in stone has been a long process of continuous development and improvement. In today's new technologies, new materials and innovative granite, almost all able to refer to both the technology and materials in which the expression. Simply put, the major components of various stone protective agent can be divided into two parts, one for the active substance in the stone to play a functional role of protective agent, the quality of the total mass of only 5%-l5% or so. The other is solvent, its role is to dissolve the former one, and then renewed a role of the media, the protector of the active substance into the stone house.
There is no doubt play a key role in the stone's protective agent or the active material. Facts have proven that silicone polymer is an ideal and relatively perfect stone protective materials, it has good water and hydrophobic, stable performance, good chemical resistance, molecular size and structure of the ideal, and the formation of organic stone combination. Now the market is the most varieties of stone Protectant organic polymer as the main active ingredient, if the active ingredients of the formulation of scientific and reasonable structure, these protective agent should have such characteristics: good waterproof, acid-base conditions Under the effect of stability, good permeability, and stone combination. Of course, the protective agent of the formula composition technology and costs involved, and many other factors, the a protective agent in the performance of each species will have a large quality differences, these differences are mainly in some of the inherent quality indicators.
Silicone polymer as a protective agent activity for the selection of stone there are also fly in the ointment to use, its performance is poor performance in the anti-oil and fluorine with fluorine chemistry materials technology matures, organic fluorine polymers are also used in the field of stone protection, It is excellent resistance to oil and chemical resistance, anti-pollution performance and the performance of the stone is relatively more perfect repellant. But it is far from waterproof silicone polymer so well. Therefore, people often organic fluorine and silicone used in combination, make the ideal stone waterproof protective agent both have good antifouling performance. Thus, we can confirm that the active material composition of stone Protectant to differentiate the product protection: waterproof silicone products better anti-fouling properties of organic fluorine products, good organic fluorine products silicon waterproof, integrated pollution prevention better performance. Of course, not all of the organic silicon and organic fluorine stone protection product performance are the same, it is with the specific use of organic fluorine and silicone polymer content of the type and performance and a greater relationship.
2. Stone's waterproof protective agent
This is to express the repellant properties of the stone is a basic index, which indicated that the water repellant ability of the stone, that stone protective agent after brushing the stone to stone on the water absorption of the degree of change, usually waterproof said. Water resistance = (protection before a protective stone after stone water absorption and water absorption) / protection of water absorption before the stone Xl00%. The higher the index, indicating the better performance of waterproof protective agent. From the point of view of existing materials and technology, water index of 90% to 80% should be relatively good. Of course, since the stone is breathable material, and the large density difference between the structure of stone, to be waterproof is l00% is unrealistic.
3. Stone protectants alkaline
This is the expression of the inherent quality of the stone Protectant one of the key indicators, it means brushing the stone on the protective agent, it can damage the ability to withstand the alkaline substance, which is the stone protective agent in alkaline conditions the stability of performance, usually alkali said. Alkali resistance = (protection before the water absorption of a protective stone after stone in the water absorption in alkaline solution) / protection of the water absorption of the former stone × 100%. The higher the index, indicating possible protective agent in the alkali resistance. Because stone Protectant active ingredients in the alkaline material damage experience has shown the stability is different, and where the wet stone cottage of cement has shown strong basic long-term, so this indicator be selected ground stone protection an important indicator agent. Stone waterproof and the smaller the difference between alkali index, indicating the performance of protective agent more stable under alkaline conditions, the better protection, more long-term effects remain.
4. Protectants acid stone
This is the expression of the inherent quality of the stone Protectant one of the key indicators, it means brushing the stone on the protective agent, it can damage the ability to resist acids, usually acid said. Acid resistance = (protection before the water absorption of a protective stone after stone in the water absorption in the acidic solution) / protection of the water absorption of the former stone × 100%. The higher the index, indicating possible protective agent in the acid resistance. Protectant active ingredients in the stone face acid shown by the destruction of the stability is different, and the stone used in the building when the outer wall of a long-term harm of acid rain, clean the cleaning agent used in construction are most strongly acidic, so this indicator is selected to become an important symbol of the external walls of stone protector. Stone waterproof and acid differences between the smaller the index, indicating the performance of protective agent more stable under acidic conditions, protective effect of better, more long-term effects remain.
5. Stone Protectant permeability
This is the expression of the inherent quality of the stone Protectant one of the key indicators, it means brushing the stone on the protective agent, the active material immersed in the ability of the stone surface. Detection of this indicator is very intuitive, is the protective agent in the stone tables to deal with brushing twice, 24h after knocking off the stone, the section on the water dip, the depth of the surface does not change color in this stone is the protective agent the permeability. The higher the index, indicating the better ability to penetrate the protective agent, protective layer of the ability to wear scrub better, more long-term Slate. Protective agent in the active matter content is higher, brushing a few times more, then the stronger the penetration shown. Relatively speaking, the permeability of water-soluble protective agent will be hearing.
First, the quality indicators
1. Stone and the main active ingredient protectants
Stone protection and protective agent as a mature technology and products used in stone has been a long process of continuous development and improvement. In today's new technologies, new materials and innovative granite, almost all able to refer to both the technology and materials in which the expression. Simply put, the major components of various stone protective agent can be divided into two parts, one for the active substance in the stone to play a functional role of protective agent, the quality of the total mass of only 5%-l5% or so. The other is solvent, its role is to dissolve the former one, and then renewed a role of the media, the protector of the active substance into the stone house.
There is no doubt play a key role in the stone's protective agent or the active material. Facts have proven that silicone polymer is an ideal and relatively perfect stone protective materials, it has good water and hydrophobic, stable performance, good chemical resistance, molecular size and structure of the ideal, and the formation of organic stone combination. Now the market is the most varieties of stone Protectant organic polymer as the main active ingredient, if the active ingredients of the formulation of scientific and reasonable structure, these protective agent should have such characteristics: good waterproof, acid-base conditions Under the effect of stability, good permeability, and stone combination. Of course, the protective agent of the formula composition technology and costs involved, and many other factors, the a protective agent in the performance of each species will have a large quality differences, these differences are mainly in some of the inherent quality indicators.
Silicone polymer as a protective agent activity for the selection of stone there are also fly in the ointment to use, its performance is poor performance in the anti-oil and fluorine with fluorine chemistry materials technology matures, organic fluorine polymers are also used in the field of stone protection, It is excellent resistance to oil and chemical resistance, anti-pollution performance and the performance of the stone is relatively more perfect repellant. But it is far from waterproof silicone polymer so well. Therefore, people often organic fluorine and silicone used in combination, make the ideal stone waterproof protective agent both have good antifouling performance. Thus, we can confirm that the active material composition of stone Protectant to differentiate the product protection: waterproof silicone products better anti-fouling properties of organic fluorine products, good organic fluorine products silicon waterproof, integrated pollution prevention better performance. Of course, not all of the organic silicon and organic fluorine stone protection product performance are the same, it is with the specific use of organic fluorine and silicone polymer content of the type and performance and a greater relationship.
2. Stone's waterproof protective agent
This is to express the repellant properties of the stone is a basic index, which indicated that the water repellant ability of the stone, that stone protective agent after brushing the stone to stone on the water absorption of the degree of change, usually waterproof said. Water resistance = (protection before a protective stone after stone water absorption and water absorption) / protection of water absorption before the stone Xl00%. The higher the index, indicating the better performance of waterproof protective agent. From the point of view of existing materials and technology, water index of 90% to 80% should be relatively good. Of course, since the stone is breathable material, and the large density difference between the structure of stone, to be waterproof is l00% is unrealistic.
3. Stone protectants alkaline
This is the expression of the inherent quality of the stone Protectant one of the key indicators, it means brushing the stone on the protective agent, it can damage the ability to withstand the alkaline substance, which is the stone protective agent in alkaline conditions the stability of performance, usually alkali said. Alkali resistance = (protection before the water absorption of a protective stone after stone in the water absorption in alkaline solution) / protection of the water absorption of the former stone × 100%. The higher the index, indicating possible protective agent in the alkali resistance. Because stone Protectant active ingredients in the alkaline material damage experience has shown the stability is different, and where the wet stone cottage of cement has shown strong basic long-term, so this indicator be selected ground stone protection an important indicator agent. Stone waterproof and the smaller the difference between alkali index, indicating the performance of protective agent more stable under alkaline conditions, the better protection, more long-term effects remain.
4. Protectants acid stone
This is the expression of the inherent quality of the stone Protectant one of the key indicators, it means brushing the stone on the protective agent, it can damage the ability to resist acids, usually acid said. Acid resistance = (protection before the water absorption of a protective stone after stone in the water absorption in the acidic solution) / protection of the water absorption of the former stone × 100%. The higher the index, indicating possible protective agent in the acid resistance. Protectant active ingredients in the stone face acid shown by the destruction of the stability is different, and the stone used in the building when the outer wall of a long-term harm of acid rain, clean the cleaning agent used in construction are most strongly acidic, so this indicator is selected to become an important symbol of the external walls of stone protector. Stone waterproof and acid differences between the smaller the index, indicating the performance of protective agent more stable under acidic conditions, protective effect of better, more long-term effects remain.
5. Stone Protectant permeability
This is the expression of the inherent quality of the stone Protectant one of the key indicators, it means brushing the stone on the protective agent, the active material immersed in the ability of the stone surface. Detection of this indicator is very intuitive, is the protective agent in the stone tables to deal with brushing twice, 24h after knocking off the stone, the section on the water dip, the depth of the surface does not change color in this stone is the protective agent the permeability. The higher the index, indicating the better ability to penetrate the protective agent, protective layer of the ability to wear scrub better, more long-term Slate. Protective agent in the active matter content is higher, brushing a few times more, then the stronger the penetration shown. Relatively speaking, the permeability of water-soluble protective agent will be hearing.
2011年4月22日星期五
U.S. White Linen common problems and solutions marbles
With the rise of large modern building, the building block views more and more high decoration, a large number of high-grade imported marble to be applied to various types of buildings. Paving marble imports produced by the "disease" has gradually emerged, light-colored marble are more likely than the dark color of marble, water, back to base and other "diseases." As a representative of imports of light-colored variety of granite, one of the "American white Ma", because of its greater hardness, striking decorative effect is widely used, but the "disease" is also the most obvious. This article will focus on the U.S. white linen wet paving common problems and solutions discussed do.
One. Rock Features
Petrology American white linen called "biotite plagioclase gneiss." Obviously gneissic structure. Mineral composition of feldspar, quartz, biotite and minor amphibole, chlorite. Rock crystal by the significant scale-like, columnar crystals of mineral changing granite, hornblende, granoblastic minerals feldspar, quartz and white alignment, distribution, form a discontinuous banded gneissic structure. U.S. White Ma rocks also contain iron. So. The marble surface with red spots, it rocks the performance of a small amount of chlorite formation of small green marble unique color stain.
Second, the finished sheet metal features
1, the cutting direction: the United States blocks of white linen texture clear. Texture in the direction along with dark flaky biotite minerals. Therefore, when in the horizontal cut into sheets. The plate was dark flakes of biotite and other minerals into the intermittent
Linear stripe-like distribution of bright marble board; such as texture along the direction of cutting. marble board will Patches of black spots, the appearance of relatively more than when the horizontal cut into decorative sheet aesthetic effect.
To maintain the aesthetic effect, the current U.S. market could see the white linen sheets are cross cutting granite products. Thus, between these sheets on the following lines for the vertical and micro-larvae L, capillary rich, absorbent, wet paving easily contaminated.
2, fine crystal marble: white linen, such as the United States smashed with a hammer, you will find the marble section are very fine and granular crystalline thin sheet, the largest visual crystal surface is not more than 1mm, most of the 0. Imm following, visual observation of the use of 20 times magnifying glass can clearly see the crystal surface morphology. I have not done a greater multiple of microscope, but the appearance point of view, may be even smaller crystalline particles.
This crystalline state will have the following two results:
(1), more transparent and translucent crystal with a crystal plane due to each of the micro direction is disordered, the light was "diffuse" state. Making the original should be crystal clear look of a translucent white appearance.
(2), in a Sandstone or other transparent material filling the gap crystals, the "diffuse" is eliminated, the refractive state of disorder changes the refractive state of the law as a whole, the marble is not white but looks to become a wet state under the translucent, semi-gray color, completely lost the American white linen decorative effect. If the marble surface, often presented in a part of this state, it formed a common water-soaked marble circles (spot) phenomenon. Therefore, to ensure that drying is the most important marble
One. Rock Features
Petrology American white linen called "biotite plagioclase gneiss." Obviously gneissic structure. Mineral composition of feldspar, quartz, biotite and minor amphibole, chlorite. Rock crystal by the significant scale-like, columnar crystals of mineral changing granite, hornblende, granoblastic minerals feldspar, quartz and white alignment, distribution, form a discontinuous banded gneissic structure. U.S. White Ma rocks also contain iron. So. The marble surface with red spots, it rocks the performance of a small amount of chlorite formation of small green marble unique color stain.
Second, the finished sheet metal features
1, the cutting direction: the United States blocks of white linen texture clear. Texture in the direction along with dark flaky biotite minerals. Therefore, when in the horizontal cut into sheets. The plate was dark flakes of biotite and other minerals into the intermittent
Linear stripe-like distribution of bright marble board; such as texture along the direction of cutting. marble board will Patches of black spots, the appearance of relatively more than when the horizontal cut into decorative sheet aesthetic effect.
To maintain the aesthetic effect, the current U.S. market could see the white linen sheets are cross cutting granite products. Thus, between these sheets on the following lines for the vertical and micro-larvae L, capillary rich, absorbent, wet paving easily contaminated.
2, fine crystal marble: white linen, such as the United States smashed with a hammer, you will find the marble section are very fine and granular crystalline thin sheet, the largest visual crystal surface is not more than 1mm, most of the 0. Imm following, visual observation of the use of 20 times magnifying glass can clearly see the crystal surface morphology. I have not done a greater multiple of microscope, but the appearance point of view, may be even smaller crystalline particles.
This crystalline state will have the following two results:
(1), more transparent and translucent crystal with a crystal plane due to each of the micro direction is disordered, the light was "diffuse" state. Making the original should be crystal clear look of a translucent white appearance.
(2), in a Sandstone or other transparent material filling the gap crystals, the "diffuse" is eliminated, the refractive state of disorder changes the refractive state of the law as a whole, the marble is not white but looks to become a wet state under the translucent, semi-gray color, completely lost the American white linen decorative effect. If the marble surface, often presented in a part of this state, it formed a common water-soaked marble circles (spot) phenomenon. Therefore, to ensure that drying is the most important marble
2011年4月20日星期三
Sandblasted surface of natural marble technology and introduced
What is the marble sandblasting?
Sandblasted natural marble (marble blasting surface) is the use of silicon carbide with angular, quartz sand, river sand and other abrasives in the air (or water) driven by the impact of the marble surface, obtained a similar glass matte effect of marble surface processing.
Sand blasting marble wide range of applications, not only for thin, specifications and other natural marble plate plate processing products, but also can be lines, columns, railings, stairs, corners and other special-shaped marble processing, and sand blasting process also very widely Slate in marble carving them. At the same time, like sand blasting marble the same way as other treatments, either for a small range of sand blasting process, but also a large area of the sandblasting processing.
Of course, not only for marble and sand blasting the surface of the marble as a decorative surface processing, but also can be used in the repair of marble which, for some have been installed up the marble, if there is a serious disease that can not repair the marble or marble pollution when We can use sand blasting the surface of the marble the way to deal with disease and pollution problems.
marble sand blasting process:
marble sand blasting Travertine is very simple, if the whole area of sand to coarse grinding flat just put directly after the sandblasting marble plate on it; if the local sand, the sand must not processing part of the rubber sheet or other protective film wrapped and then blasting spray.
Sandblasting marble present, there are two ways, first by hand sanding, sandblasting machine first.
One hand is usually dry sand blasting machine, blasting machine is a dry sand blasting machine blasting machines and two types of liquid, dry sand blasting machine can be divided into slot-and pressure-in two categories.
Inhalation of dry sand blasting machine
Inhalation of dry sand blasting machine is a compressed air driven, high-speed movement through the air to form the negative pressure in the gun, the abrasive pipe through the sediment and by inhalation spray injection nozzles, spray surface to be machined to achieve the desired processing head. Inhalation of dry sand blasting machines, compressed air is not only power but also provide the impetus for the material is accelerated momentum.
Pressed into dry sand blasting machine
Pressed into dry sand blasting machine is a compressed air powered by compressed air in the pressure tank to establish the working pressure, the abrasive sand valve through the pressure tube into the sediment and after injection nozzles, spray surface to be machined to achieve the desired processing head. In the press into dry sand blasting machines, compressed air is not only power but also provide the impetus for the material is accelerated momentum.
Liquid blasting machine
Liquid blasting machine relative to the dry sand blasting machine, the biggest feature is the good control of the sandblasting processing dust pollution, blasting operations to improve the working environment.
Liquid sand blasting machine is grinding pump for the material as a grinding fluid power, pump through the grinding mill to stir the liquid (a mixture of abrasive and water) delivered to the spray gun. Compressed air to accelerate as the grinding fluid power, through the pipeline into the gun, the gun, the compressed air to accelerate the grinding fluid into the gun, and after injection nozzles, spray surface to be machined to achieve the desired processing goal. In the liquid blasting machine, grinding feed pump for the power, compressed air to accelerate the momentum.
Innovative processing marble sandblasting
As each marble is now on new products and business process attach great importance to the development, so now the new marble surface processing methods are also emerging, but also for the original expansion and extension of the machined surface is also very seriously. Like a marble sandblasting process, the original is to use river sand, sea sand, quartz sand, silicon carbide abrasive such as, then there are some other materials used as abrasives, has a number of different surfaces. In particular ball is used in some factories to do for the abrasive to the impact of the marble surface, the effect is very special, a bit like a lychee processing results. This with the new ball to replace the sand in sand blasting could become a new kind of machined surface, especially of marble for texture, variety of teaching soft effect is obvious.
Sandblasted natural marble (marble blasting surface) is the use of silicon carbide with angular, quartz sand, river sand and other abrasives in the air (or water) driven by the impact of the marble surface, obtained a similar glass matte effect of marble surface processing.
Sand blasting marble wide range of applications, not only for thin, specifications and other natural marble plate plate processing products, but also can be lines, columns, railings, stairs, corners and other special-shaped marble processing, and sand blasting process also very widely Slate in marble carving them. At the same time, like sand blasting marble the same way as other treatments, either for a small range of sand blasting process, but also a large area of the sandblasting processing.
Of course, not only for marble and sand blasting the surface of the marble as a decorative surface processing, but also can be used in the repair of marble which, for some have been installed up the marble, if there is a serious disease that can not repair the marble or marble pollution when We can use sand blasting the surface of the marble the way to deal with disease and pollution problems.
marble sand blasting process:
marble sand blasting Travertine is very simple, if the whole area of sand to coarse grinding flat just put directly after the sandblasting marble plate on it; if the local sand, the sand must not processing part of the rubber sheet or other protective film wrapped and then blasting spray.
Sandblasting marble present, there are two ways, first by hand sanding, sandblasting machine first.
One hand is usually dry sand blasting machine, blasting machine is a dry sand blasting machine blasting machines and two types of liquid, dry sand blasting machine can be divided into slot-and pressure-in two categories.
Inhalation of dry sand blasting machine
Inhalation of dry sand blasting machine is a compressed air driven, high-speed movement through the air to form the negative pressure in the gun, the abrasive pipe through the sediment and by inhalation spray injection nozzles, spray surface to be machined to achieve the desired processing head. Inhalation of dry sand blasting machines, compressed air is not only power but also provide the impetus for the material is accelerated momentum.
Pressed into dry sand blasting machine
Pressed into dry sand blasting machine is a compressed air powered by compressed air in the pressure tank to establish the working pressure, the abrasive sand valve through the pressure tube into the sediment and after injection nozzles, spray surface to be machined to achieve the desired processing head. In the press into dry sand blasting machines, compressed air is not only power but also provide the impetus for the material is accelerated momentum.
Liquid blasting machine
Liquid blasting machine relative to the dry sand blasting machine, the biggest feature is the good control of the sandblasting processing dust pollution, blasting operations to improve the working environment.
Liquid sand blasting machine is grinding pump for the material as a grinding fluid power, pump through the grinding mill to stir the liquid (a mixture of abrasive and water) delivered to the spray gun. Compressed air to accelerate as the grinding fluid power, through the pipeline into the gun, the gun, the compressed air to accelerate the grinding fluid into the gun, and after injection nozzles, spray surface to be machined to achieve the desired processing goal. In the liquid blasting machine, grinding feed pump for the power, compressed air to accelerate the momentum.
Innovative processing marble sandblasting
As each marble is now on new products and business process attach great importance to the development, so now the new marble surface processing methods are also emerging, but also for the original expansion and extension of the machined surface is also very seriously. Like a marble sandblasting process, the original is to use river sand, sea sand, quartz sand, silicon carbide abrasive such as, then there are some other materials used as abrasives, has a number of different surfaces. In particular ball is used in some factories to do for the abrasive to the impact of the marble surface, the effect is very special, a bit like a lychee processing results. This with the new ball to replace the sand in sand blasting could become a new kind of machined surface, especially of marble for texture, variety of teaching soft effect is obvious.
2011年4月19日星期二
Common garden rockery marble and introduction, origin
marble ax
Produced in many regions of China, still in Jiangsu stone, marble ax Danyang's most famous in the bonsai community. Ax marble is a hard marble,
its surface cracked lines and Chinese Painting in the 'ax cracked' machine like, four Chuanchuan Kang There are also many such marbles, but
marble is relatively soft, can cut layer, also known as' mica film '. Ax marble is a rock page, after the formation of long-term precipitation,
the content is mainly limemarble and carbon. Although the dark gray color on the same, mainly black, but there are gray or light gray and red
rust and other changes, this is because the marble content of iron and other metals due to changes in the composition. Ax marble because of its
slender shape, bold, Jianfeng cliffs do when landscaping landscape, You Qixiong show natural color. However, changes in his own uneven
pattern contrast is not cracked, so a higher technical difficulty, and water absorption is poor, difficult to moss, bonsai maintenance and management after molding there is a certain difficulty. Arranged in a large granite court is now in the use of this marble / modeling.
Taihu
1, South eroded limemarble, commonly known as Taihu, is an exquisitely carved porous marble, because it is abundant in the Taihu Lake region known for ancient and modern, with marble, marble and known as the South Queensland three famous marble. Lee Doo "Pleasure boats" set: Taihu is the Taihu bone, wave shock wave polyester, long-hole in situ '. Eroded limemarble formation, first of all have limemarble. Suzhou Taihu widely distributed in 2 to 3 million years ago, Carboniferous, Permian, Triassic limemarble formation times, as the material basis of the rich Taihu.
Especially the three hundred million years ago, the Carboniferous period, the deep-sea sediment formed in the layer thickness, the best quality of pure limemarble. Often form a high quality of the Taihu. Then the rich surface water and groundwater along the jointed Slate criss-cross, all-pervasive dissolution, delicately carved, or shock wave in Taihu Lake water wash of the waves, Over time the limemarble surface and inside the formation of many loopholes, wrinkles, rhinoplasty , groove. Holes of different shapes and sizes of nasal groove patterns combined organic cleverly to form a leak, thoroughly, and wrinkled, thin, Kit Kat exquisite Taihu. Lingering Garden in Suzhou crown Yunfeng, Suzhou ten of Rui Yunfeng, Shanghai Yuyuan exquisite jade, wrinkle West Lake in Hangzhou Yunfeng, known as Taihu in the four treasures.
2, easy to rock the state, also known as the North eroded limemarble. Produced in the Yixian western mountains, the marble hard, delicate Long Run, the color is blue tile. To Qixiu, drain thoroughly, fold thin, rich, tall, beautiful as the features. Because of nature, the Taihu varied and exquisitely carved, saliva shortage of strange shape, unique. Some like the birds, the shape of peacock feather comb, clouds filled, colorful butterflies fluttering; some small and cute like a puppy lying still, naive; some like the rabbit and vivid; some rich, spectacular, exactly like the galloping horse; some tall as mountains grand grand folded. This beautiful picture depicting realistic, people reverie, intoxicating, as the construction of garden rockery, decorative natural attractions ideal heaven-sent material.
Absorbent marble (alias: Sheung Shui Shi)
Sheung Shui strong performance of the marble, water basin, the instant can be sucked to the top. marble can be planted grass, moss green dark green run, to make good bonsai marble. Plot of sand marble, Xuan and brittle, but absorbent; limemarble slightly higher hardness, the marble structure than the fine sand. Sheung Shui Shek easy to shape, the Xuan and brittle, can easily gouges, holes, carving out the hearts of the ideal image. Sheung Shui, large and small natural caves on the rock a lot, and some even to each other through ventilation holes as small pores, which is the main reason for water absorption. marble caves in Sheung Shui, the fill soil can be planted flowers, trees and large caves can be planted, as marble body absorb water, lush plant growth, flowering bright. Shek Sheung Shui to distribute moisture, with its fake mountain, or bonsai, there are moist the environment.
Sheung Shui, the ancient marble bryozoans Department of fossils dating back about one hundred thirty million to one hundred million nine thousand years. marble hard, yellow, brown, white and other colors, beautiful shape and varied, most of the tubular, hollow, fringe style, unique. Valley slopes are distributed, is a limemarble is of good quality.
Pingyin County, Shandong Province, Jinan City, the town along the middle of this marble Hongfan.
Beijing Sheung Shui marble, produced in the southwestern part of Fangshan District, Beijing, Beijing shidu. The marble seemed to cell, above a large and small cavities, better water absorption, taken back after the appearance of the Wong Nai Chong rinse wash, marble can be planting trees on the grass, rocks and bonsai is to produce good material.
marble produced in Shandong Province, Shandong Province, Sheung Shui, Linqu Longgang Town, the Town and other places and bluemarble mountain and valley, as well as marble Town Pingyi copper, Tian Shan area. The marble was gray, taupe; there are many natural marble the size of holes, some interconnected, some as small as stomata, with higher water absorption; marble of the relatively brittle, you can drill holes gouges, carving, easy to shape, commonly the production of rockery or in pots. The rock and sediment, Sheung Shui, the marble and limemarble two. Xuan and brittle sand the marble, but absorbent; limemarble, also known as Tufa, slightly higher hardness, fine structure of the marble than sand.
Copper marble Town Pingyi Tian Shan church and chapel near the spring of China, the output vein, ore part of the exposed surface, part of the deep strata.
Sheung Shui Shi, Hebei, Handan City, Hebei Province, produced in Cixian, Yi County, Baoding City and other places. Shek Sheung Shui in the performance, after water storage basin, dumping moment can be sucked to the top. marble can be planted grass, moss green dark green run, to make good bonsai marble. The Department of Sheung Shui, the ancient marble moss fossils, dating back some one hundred thirty million to one hundred million nine thousand years. marble hard, yellow, brown, white and other colors, beautiful shape and varied, most of the tubular, hollow, fringe style, unique.
Sheung Shui Shi Shanxi, produced in Pingding County, Yangquan, Shanxi Niangziguan area. The marble color was reddish brown, yellowish brown, orange and other colors, soft texture, with many holes, which was fluffy. marble body covered with tubular holes crisscross, easily processed into 'peaks caves' and other landscape modeling, but the processing, when the cutting force can not be cut too fast, or easy to break. Travertine Shek water rapidly Immediately the water can be in the smoke to the top of the marble, wet marble body block, marble free Zhilv, is to produce a good bonsai marble. Identification of true and false absorbent marble approach: the shallow water on the marble, the most exposed, would look at Sheung Shui, Sheung Shui, the better ability to explain better the quality.
Produced in many regions of China, still in Jiangsu stone, marble ax Danyang's most famous in the bonsai community. Ax marble is a hard marble,
its surface cracked lines and Chinese Painting in the 'ax cracked' machine like, four Chuanchuan Kang There are also many such marbles, but
marble is relatively soft, can cut layer, also known as' mica film '. Ax marble is a rock page, after the formation of long-term precipitation,
the content is mainly limemarble and carbon. Although the dark gray color on the same, mainly black, but there are gray or light gray and red
rust and other changes, this is because the marble content of iron and other metals due to changes in the composition. Ax marble because of its
slender shape, bold, Jianfeng cliffs do when landscaping landscape, You Qixiong show natural color. However, changes in his own uneven
pattern contrast is not cracked, so a higher technical difficulty, and water absorption is poor, difficult to moss, bonsai maintenance and management after molding there is a certain difficulty. Arranged in a large granite court is now in the use of this marble / modeling.
Taihu
1, South eroded limemarble, commonly known as Taihu, is an exquisitely carved porous marble, because it is abundant in the Taihu Lake region known for ancient and modern, with marble, marble and known as the South Queensland three famous marble. Lee Doo "Pleasure boats" set: Taihu is the Taihu bone, wave shock wave polyester, long-hole in situ '. Eroded limemarble formation, first of all have limemarble. Suzhou Taihu widely distributed in 2 to 3 million years ago, Carboniferous, Permian, Triassic limemarble formation times, as the material basis of the rich Taihu.
Especially the three hundred million years ago, the Carboniferous period, the deep-sea sediment formed in the layer thickness, the best quality of pure limemarble. Often form a high quality of the Taihu. Then the rich surface water and groundwater along the jointed Slate criss-cross, all-pervasive dissolution, delicately carved, or shock wave in Taihu Lake water wash of the waves, Over time the limemarble surface and inside the formation of many loopholes, wrinkles, rhinoplasty , groove. Holes of different shapes and sizes of nasal groove patterns combined organic cleverly to form a leak, thoroughly, and wrinkled, thin, Kit Kat exquisite Taihu. Lingering Garden in Suzhou crown Yunfeng, Suzhou ten of Rui Yunfeng, Shanghai Yuyuan exquisite jade, wrinkle West Lake in Hangzhou Yunfeng, known as Taihu in the four treasures.
2, easy to rock the state, also known as the North eroded limemarble. Produced in the Yixian western mountains, the marble hard, delicate Long Run, the color is blue tile. To Qixiu, drain thoroughly, fold thin, rich, tall, beautiful as the features. Because of nature, the Taihu varied and exquisitely carved, saliva shortage of strange shape, unique. Some like the birds, the shape of peacock feather comb, clouds filled, colorful butterflies fluttering; some small and cute like a puppy lying still, naive; some like the rabbit and vivid; some rich, spectacular, exactly like the galloping horse; some tall as mountains grand grand folded. This beautiful picture depicting realistic, people reverie, intoxicating, as the construction of garden rockery, decorative natural attractions ideal heaven-sent material.
Absorbent marble (alias: Sheung Shui Shi)
Sheung Shui strong performance of the marble, water basin, the instant can be sucked to the top. marble can be planted grass, moss green dark green run, to make good bonsai marble. Plot of sand marble, Xuan and brittle, but absorbent; limemarble slightly higher hardness, the marble structure than the fine sand. Sheung Shui Shek easy to shape, the Xuan and brittle, can easily gouges, holes, carving out the hearts of the ideal image. Sheung Shui, large and small natural caves on the rock a lot, and some even to each other through ventilation holes as small pores, which is the main reason for water absorption. marble caves in Sheung Shui, the fill soil can be planted flowers, trees and large caves can be planted, as marble body absorb water, lush plant growth, flowering bright. Shek Sheung Shui to distribute moisture, with its fake mountain, or bonsai, there are moist the environment.
Sheung Shui, the ancient marble bryozoans Department of fossils dating back about one hundred thirty million to one hundred million nine thousand years. marble hard, yellow, brown, white and other colors, beautiful shape and varied, most of the tubular, hollow, fringe style, unique. Valley slopes are distributed, is a limemarble is of good quality.
Pingyin County, Shandong Province, Jinan City, the town along the middle of this marble Hongfan.
Beijing Sheung Shui marble, produced in the southwestern part of Fangshan District, Beijing, Beijing shidu. The marble seemed to cell, above a large and small cavities, better water absorption, taken back after the appearance of the Wong Nai Chong rinse wash, marble can be planting trees on the grass, rocks and bonsai is to produce good material.
marble produced in Shandong Province, Shandong Province, Sheung Shui, Linqu Longgang Town, the Town and other places and bluemarble mountain and valley, as well as marble Town Pingyi copper, Tian Shan area. The marble was gray, taupe; there are many natural marble the size of holes, some interconnected, some as small as stomata, with higher water absorption; marble of the relatively brittle, you can drill holes gouges, carving, easy to shape, commonly the production of rockery or in pots. The rock and sediment, Sheung Shui, the marble and limemarble two. Xuan and brittle sand the marble, but absorbent; limemarble, also known as Tufa, slightly higher hardness, fine structure of the marble than sand.
Copper marble Town Pingyi Tian Shan church and chapel near the spring of China, the output vein, ore part of the exposed surface, part of the deep strata.
Sheung Shui Shi, Hebei, Handan City, Hebei Province, produced in Cixian, Yi County, Baoding City and other places. Shek Sheung Shui in the performance, after water storage basin, dumping moment can be sucked to the top. marble can be planted grass, moss green dark green run, to make good bonsai marble. The Department of Sheung Shui, the ancient marble moss fossils, dating back some one hundred thirty million to one hundred million nine thousand years. marble hard, yellow, brown, white and other colors, beautiful shape and varied, most of the tubular, hollow, fringe style, unique.
Sheung Shui Shi Shanxi, produced in Pingding County, Yangquan, Shanxi Niangziguan area. The marble color was reddish brown, yellowish brown, orange and other colors, soft texture, with many holes, which was fluffy. marble body covered with tubular holes crisscross, easily processed into 'peaks caves' and other landscape modeling, but the processing, when the cutting force can not be cut too fast, or easy to break. Travertine Shek water rapidly Immediately the water can be in the smoke to the top of the marble, wet marble body block, marble free Zhilv, is to produce a good bonsai marble. Identification of true and false absorbent marble approach: the shallow water on the marble, the most exposed, would look at Sheung Shui, Sheung Shui, the better ability to explain better the quality.
Marble floor of the damage and repair materials
Production of natural granite that more and more widely used by people in the building, partly because of its architectural features with the other, the United States because of its decorative effect. Now we are in some large hotels and other buildings can be seen in which the application of granite, but also for its stately, elegant and magnificent decorative effects are impressive beauty. However, due to the natural characteristics of granite, but also determines the granite in its use will produce a variety of problems, or even result in damage to this material respects with the granite itself, on the other, with the installation and use of the environment.
We are often in some large hotels and other public places to see the granite laid on the ground with a partial or a large area of Sandstone, like cracks, broken, powder, holes and other phenomena. In particular, these phenomena with a marble floor in the most common. As these parts and easily damaged and difficult to remove contamination, people will see is full of dirt riddled the ground, which with its surrounding environment and reverse the formation of elegant great contrast, greatly reducing the use of granite value and effectiveness. But people can not easily and simple to replace the damaged granite, materials and labor on the one hand will cause the loss of large areas, on the other hand is also very difficult to sustain the owners replace the granite and bring closure related losses. Therefore, the discussion and use of some effective methods and materials for damaged granite to repair the ground it is very important.
First, the causes of damage granite ground
1, the ground-based part of the settlement and the tear resulted in surface cracking of granite.
2, the external surface of granite damage caused the damage.
3, selected from the marble granite floor holding motivated to leave the troubles. On the one hand because people often choose to focus only on the granite color, and not to think marble and granite in durability and wear resistance differences. On the other hand, initially mostly imported granite to marble, granite processing technology was not advanced now, and marble colors and styles to elegant multi-majority, which makes indoor granite now become a fashionable choice of marble, which marble granite floor is now a major cause of many problems.
4, marble natural defects. Some of the natural marble, there are more defects, such as cracks, blisters, loose, half-cooked and so on. These deficiencies without first good repair and make up, then once to the ground by laying a number of harmful pollution, humidity and it will take the lead after the defective parts in the occurrence of disease and destruction and thus extending. Like silver beige, Golden beige, brown net.
5, humid environment. Marble's main ingredient is calcium carbonate, which will expand under the action of water, then the granite structure will be more relaxed parts of the first burst open, leaving the marble floor is a pit. The craters formed in a wet environment will continue to powder, loose qualitative change in the surrounding rock.
6, the error protection method. To land owners and construction on the part of those terms, even though they painted on the marble in the pre-repellant, but the shop to the ground or there is a problem. This is because the cracks and loose parts of the granite has not been good repair, wet granite on the back of a greater water pressure as soon be destroyed. On the other hand, although the front has done a marble protection, but also on the ground water along the granite into the granite cracks and loose parts inside the granite and humidity increase, thus forming a vicious cycle.
7, the wear and tear damage the marble surface gloss. The lower the hardness of marble, strength is poor, therefore, marble floor, especially the location of acts will soon lose more luster. Such as walking Lang, lobby, counter and so on.
Second, measures to prevent damage to the granite floor
Damage to the granite floor of the above reasons of analysis, we can see that in addition to as much as possible not to select a loose material in the face of marble, the water is a major cause damage to the granite.
We are often in some large hotels and other public places to see the granite laid on the ground with a partial or a large area of Sandstone, like cracks, broken, powder, holes and other phenomena. In particular, these phenomena with a marble floor in the most common. As these parts and easily damaged and difficult to remove contamination, people will see is full of dirt riddled the ground, which with its surrounding environment and reverse the formation of elegant great contrast, greatly reducing the use of granite value and effectiveness. But people can not easily and simple to replace the damaged granite, materials and labor on the one hand will cause the loss of large areas, on the other hand is also very difficult to sustain the owners replace the granite and bring closure related losses. Therefore, the discussion and use of some effective methods and materials for damaged granite to repair the ground it is very important.
First, the causes of damage granite ground
1, the ground-based part of the settlement and the tear resulted in surface cracking of granite.
2, the external surface of granite damage caused the damage.
3, selected from the marble granite floor holding motivated to leave the troubles. On the one hand because people often choose to focus only on the granite color, and not to think marble and granite in durability and wear resistance differences. On the other hand, initially mostly imported granite to marble, granite processing technology was not advanced now, and marble colors and styles to elegant multi-majority, which makes indoor granite now become a fashionable choice of marble, which marble granite floor is now a major cause of many problems.
4, marble natural defects. Some of the natural marble, there are more defects, such as cracks, blisters, loose, half-cooked and so on. These deficiencies without first good repair and make up, then once to the ground by laying a number of harmful pollution, humidity and it will take the lead after the defective parts in the occurrence of disease and destruction and thus extending. Like silver beige, Golden beige, brown net.
5, humid environment. Marble's main ingredient is calcium carbonate, which will expand under the action of water, then the granite structure will be more relaxed parts of the first burst open, leaving the marble floor is a pit. The craters formed in a wet environment will continue to powder, loose qualitative change in the surrounding rock.
6, the error protection method. To land owners and construction on the part of those terms, even though they painted on the marble in the pre-repellant, but the shop to the ground or there is a problem. This is because the cracks and loose parts of the granite has not been good repair, wet granite on the back of a greater water pressure as soon be destroyed. On the other hand, although the front has done a marble protection, but also on the ground water along the granite into the granite cracks and loose parts inside the granite and humidity increase, thus forming a vicious cycle.
7, the wear and tear damage the marble surface gloss. The lower the hardness of marble, strength is poor, therefore, marble floor, especially the location of acts will soon lose more luster. Such as walking Lang, lobby, counter and so on.
Second, measures to prevent damage to the granite floor
Damage to the granite floor of the above reasons of analysis, we can see that in addition to as much as possible not to select a loose material in the face of marble, the water is a major cause damage to the granite.
2011年4月17日星期日
Property Management in marble cleaning and care
Modern property management involves the scope and content of many, this article only on property management in the cleaning and conservation of marble with the trade exchange. Floor property in the town, Church Hall, in addition to building the framework, the internal and external decoration material is used more marble ceramics, artificial board, aluminum sheet metal, glass products. For decorative marble, the generally used for decorative marble. Mainly thick lcm 2cm, a variety of colors, patterns, different specifications of natural granite, marble, Slate and artificial marble (including composite materials), terrazzo and other plates, imported and domestic varieties, and variety.
marble wall. Mainly used in interior and exterior architectural groups, different specifications, such as the external walls with mushroom marble, wall marble, culture marble, wall hanging marble (natural, complex) based on different specifications of marble and so on.
The general public and senior housing building decoration, the total amount of decorative marble material 30% to 40%, and decorative marble can be seen in the large share of property management, how to maintain the property in its decorative marble "in youth" is Property management is an important task. As we all know, anything is bound to use the time in a long time aging at a certain rate decreases, so old, not to mention the atmosphere by natural marble in outdoor sunlight, wind and rain materialized impact, especially environmental pollution to fading, weathering, surface uneven, more to do with the quality and construction of marble and other aspects of post-maintenance reasons, coupled with the absence in the production process surface care, therefore in the decorative marble buildings have been built have often seen rust, yellow, efflorescence, water spots (wet mark ), stains, Bai Hua, moss and other diseases seriously affect the appearance of marble patterns, colors and gloss, to make decorative effect in the shade. After the marble in the decorations for the elimination of the disease process must be carried out before the marble surface treatment and decoration after-care, to stay young, this is the future development trend of China's marble industry. On property management, it is mainly decorative marble after care, now more mature and popular technology boils down to are: cleaning, care, coloring, lightening and grinding, bonding, repair and reinforcement. These different means of appropriate technology to the first post-processing of the marble, can achieve colorful, high gloss, durable purpose.
Several common property management of marble disease prevention and treatment are described below:
1 rust. Formation and human innate reasons: the part of the marble material contains more carbon monoxide (FeO) and pyrite (Fes:), the oxidation of iron minerals exposed to air, generated by rust (Fe: O,), by porous marble seepage; marble in the mining, processing, installation, use of the process, especially in the processing in the process of iron added, left in the marble surface, the formation of rust oxidation by air pollution.
The key is to prevent rust after processing in the marble surface treatment to be effective to prevent the oxidation of minerals containing iron surface after the leakage.
Property Management has been produced to deal with rust spots, mostly rust. But because the herbicides are sold in the market are mostly acidic, so it is not acid marble (such as the quality of marble, dolomitic) should be tested before use, if necessary, diluted with water. Also note that the rust must be thoroughly washed with water, then use the resin injection, the marble is waterproof care.
2, water spots (wet marks.) Mainly due to the formation of the water by the construction of wet mud effects. Because the cement composition contains 1% to 2% of the Na (OH), adsorption of water highly humid atmosphere at high temperature, it will form a caustic soda solution and release water, This is the wet marks quit phenomenon (ie, water spots). Prevent the phenomenon of wet marks quit the main resin is injected to make the marble waterproof, moisture in the air to block and marble or concrete material within the contact, reducing the chemical reaction conditions; Also, try to avoid using wet cement mortar construction; After the construction adhesive joints and drainage to do well.
Wet processing has emerged mark, currently there is no better way. Remedial measures mainly resin injection method makes no wet marks the site of the color deepened in order to adjust the color difference between the two colors; Also, penetration of stain can be used to change the color of the original decorative marble. "Wet marks quit" can be regarded as symptoms of cancer of marble, marble conservation is a major problem.
3, white blooms (commonly known as tears.) Because wet construction, marble cement mortar on the back of perfusion, rain mixed with cement mortar in person, which dissolved calcium or salt, with calcium and salt content of water penetrated the pores of marble sealing false place, Over time the surface of the formation of leakage channels, and air in the CO, acid rain and other contacts, generating insoluble white material - - Bai Hua.
How to eliminate white Chinese phenomenon? First, marble processing, the use of osmotic protective agent for six of the marble surface treatment, care and role play; the second is the construction of the wet cement of white people of China to prevent the infiltration agent, to reduce the seepage of cement the formation of waterways; third hanging as far as the construction method.
China has been produced for the treatment of white: one with water to wet the white part of China, and then dilute hydrochloric acid wash of white China until it disappears; Second, rinse the cleaned surface of the marble to reach the neutral so far, dried , and then the joint surface and the conservation of marble processing.
4, crystalline salts (commonly known as the Pan-base). Construction by the strong alkaline wet cement and the atmosphere from the acid solution reaction.
2Na (OH) + CO2 + H20 a Na2CO3 + H2O, sodium carbonate through the pores of the marble after leaking to the surface and in the reaction of salt solution, after drying, to be attached to the surface of crystalline - - salt crystallization ( Pan-base).
Prevention of salt crystallization phenomenon First of all, to avoid the wet cement mortar construction; Secondly, agents with the permeability of protective conservation management to make it waterproof.
Dealing with the salt crystallization occurred, first with a brush to brush off the surface of white powder, then wash with plenty of water residues, and finally, the resin injection or marble surface polishing performance with a waterproof polishing agent can be .
5, lichen plant growth. This phenomenon is mainly produced within the water and organic matter in the marble more concentrated area, it will cause the marble surface into a moss green, gray and yellow lichen, etc., affect the appearance and life of the marble.
Method is to pre-housing seal and waterproof. Lichen grow on the already available tools to weed it out, then the appropriate cleaning agent, to be dry curing agent deal with the marble can be.
Property management of real estate development and construction of China's program of people's lives, a new industry, the development of the situation is not adapted with the times. Real Estate Property Management Services Authority, according to data of Hangzhou, there are 231 property companies, property management, the total area of more than 2,000 million m, 20,000 m over the urban residential property coverage has reached 75%, which more than 200 home property management companies are almost all small scale, the lower the registered capital, qualification is not high, reaching levels of only three qualified, professional and technical personnel with less technical equipment is poor, poor standards of service, the property owned or managed care building area of less weak ability to resist risks. Authorities believe that people in Hangzhou real estate development has further matured, but still in the property management still as rickety toddlers. From this, to improve property management position and management level, there is a certain way to go.
Further implementation of the socialization of property management, marketing, professional, full-service oriented process, initiated to provide consistent service quality and price of the property management business, through better management of poor states to enhance their overall level of the whole industry, which are inseparable from On the establishment of a flavor of the times, dynamic, versatile, strong property management team, and building marble in the cleaning and care is an important modern property management job, so enhance learning, especially the professional skills learning, are essential requirements of the times.
marble wall. Mainly used in interior and exterior architectural groups, different specifications, such as the external walls with mushroom marble, wall marble, culture marble, wall hanging marble (natural, complex) based on different specifications of marble and so on.
The general public and senior housing building decoration, the total amount of decorative marble material 30% to 40%, and decorative marble can be seen in the large share of property management, how to maintain the property in its decorative marble "in youth" is Property management is an important task. As we all know, anything is bound to use the time in a long time aging at a certain rate decreases, so old, not to mention the atmosphere by natural marble in outdoor sunlight, wind and rain materialized impact, especially environmental pollution to fading, weathering, surface uneven, more to do with the quality and construction of marble and other aspects of post-maintenance reasons, coupled with the absence in the production process surface care, therefore in the decorative marble buildings have been built have often seen rust, yellow, efflorescence, water spots (wet mark ), stains, Bai Hua, moss and other diseases seriously affect the appearance of marble patterns, colors and gloss, to make decorative effect in the shade. After the marble in the decorations for the elimination of the disease process must be carried out before the marble surface treatment and decoration after-care, to stay young, this is the future development trend of China's marble industry. On property management, it is mainly decorative marble after care, now more mature and popular technology boils down to are: cleaning, care, coloring, lightening and grinding, bonding, repair and reinforcement. These different means of appropriate technology to the first post-processing of the marble, can achieve colorful, high gloss, durable purpose.
Several common property management of marble disease prevention and treatment are described below:
1 rust. Formation and human innate reasons: the part of the marble material contains more carbon monoxide (FeO) and pyrite (Fes:), the oxidation of iron minerals exposed to air, generated by rust (Fe: O,), by porous marble seepage; marble in the mining, processing, installation, use of the process, especially in the processing in the process of iron added, left in the marble surface, the formation of rust oxidation by air pollution.
The key is to prevent rust after processing in the marble surface treatment to be effective to prevent the oxidation of minerals containing iron surface after the leakage.
Property Management has been produced to deal with rust spots, mostly rust. But because the herbicides are sold in the market are mostly acidic, so it is not acid marble (such as the quality of marble, dolomitic) should be tested before use, if necessary, diluted with water. Also note that the rust must be thoroughly washed with water, then use the resin injection, the marble is waterproof care.
2, water spots (wet marks.) Mainly due to the formation of the water by the construction of wet mud effects. Because the cement composition contains 1% to 2% of the Na (OH), adsorption of water highly humid atmosphere at high temperature, it will form a caustic soda solution and release water, This is the wet marks quit phenomenon (ie, water spots). Prevent the phenomenon of wet marks quit the main resin is injected to make the marble waterproof, moisture in the air to block and marble or concrete material within the contact, reducing the chemical reaction conditions; Also, try to avoid using wet cement mortar construction; After the construction adhesive joints and drainage to do well.
Wet processing has emerged mark, currently there is no better way. Remedial measures mainly resin injection method makes no wet marks the site of the color deepened in order to adjust the color difference between the two colors; Also, penetration of stain can be used to change the color of the original decorative marble. "Wet marks quit" can be regarded as symptoms of cancer of marble, marble conservation is a major problem.
3, white blooms (commonly known as tears.) Because wet construction, marble cement mortar on the back of perfusion, rain mixed with cement mortar in person, which dissolved calcium or salt, with calcium and salt content of water penetrated the pores of marble sealing false place, Over time the surface of the formation of leakage channels, and air in the CO, acid rain and other contacts, generating insoluble white material - - Bai Hua.
How to eliminate white Chinese phenomenon? First, marble processing, the use of osmotic protective agent for six of the marble surface treatment, care and role play; the second is the construction of the wet cement of white people of China to prevent the infiltration agent, to reduce the seepage of cement the formation of waterways; third hanging as far as the construction method.
China has been produced for the treatment of white: one with water to wet the white part of China, and then dilute hydrochloric acid wash of white China until it disappears; Second, rinse the cleaned surface of the marble to reach the neutral so far, dried , and then the joint surface and the conservation of marble processing.
4, crystalline salts (commonly known as the Pan-base). Construction by the strong alkaline wet cement and the atmosphere from the acid solution reaction.
2Na (OH) + CO2 + H20 a Na2CO3 + H2O, sodium carbonate through the pores of the marble after leaking to the surface and in the reaction of salt solution, after drying, to be attached to the surface of crystalline - - salt crystallization ( Pan-base).
Prevention of salt crystallization phenomenon First of all, to avoid the wet cement mortar construction; Secondly, agents with the permeability of protective conservation management to make it waterproof.
Dealing with the salt crystallization occurred, first with a brush to brush off the surface of white powder, then wash with plenty of water residues, and finally, the resin injection or marble surface polishing performance with a waterproof polishing agent can be .
5, lichen plant growth. This phenomenon is mainly produced within the water and organic matter in the marble more concentrated area, it will cause the marble surface into a moss green, gray and yellow lichen, etc., affect the appearance and life of the marble.
Method is to pre-housing seal and waterproof. Lichen grow on the already available tools to weed it out, then the appropriate cleaning agent, to be dry curing agent deal with the marble can be.
Property management of real estate development and construction of China's program of people's lives, a new industry, the development of the situation is not adapted with the times. Real Estate Property Management Services Authority, according to data of Hangzhou, there are 231 property companies, property management, the total area of more than 2,000 million m, 20,000 m over the urban residential property coverage has reached 75%, which more than 200 home property management companies are almost all small scale, the lower the registered capital, qualification is not high, reaching levels of only three qualified, professional and technical personnel with less technical equipment is poor, poor standards of service, the property owned or managed care building area of less weak ability to resist risks. Authorities believe that people in Hangzhou real estate development has further matured, but still in the property management still as rickety toddlers. From this, to improve property management position and management level, there is a certain way to go.
Further implementation of the socialization of property management, marketing, professional, full-service oriented process, initiated to provide consistent service quality and price of the property management business, through better management of poor states to enhance their overall level of the whole industry, which are inseparable from On the establishment of a flavor of the times, dynamic, versatile, strong property management team, and building marble in the cleaning and care is an important modern property management job, so enhance learning, especially the professional skills learning, are essential requirements of the times.
订阅：
博文 (Atom)